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In September 2006 ProKyma Technologies Limited was registered as a spin-out company from Ploughshare Innovations. Ploughshare Innovations manages technology transfer on behalf of Dstl, the Ministry of Defence's Defence Science & Technology Laboratory; an organisation of some 3,500 plus staff devoted to providing the UK Government with independent expertise on defence and security-related issues.

Dstl Scientists with University collaborators had developed a way of manipulating or concentrating micro-particulate or microbiological particles using acoustic forces to create specific regions in a fluid into which the cells or particles are forced.

Recognising that the work had wider applications across clinical, veterinary and environmental diagnostic methods, a consultancy review was commissioned to investigate the benefit to other laboratories working at the cutting edge of microbial detection, primarily the UK Veterinary Laboratory Agency and the Central Science Laboratory.

In November 2006 ProKyma raised seed investment from the Rainbow Seed Fund, which allowed a feasibility study to be conducted. In December 2007 it completed its series A funding from a syndicate of Rainbow Seed Fund, NESTA and the Liverpool Seed Fund.

The company relocated from laboratory space in the Diagnox Laboratory in Oxfordshire to the MerseyBio Incubator, Liverpool in April 2008.

During 2008 the company completed development of the approach for blood grouping and flow cytometry and in 2009 made the breakthrough of dual forces to improve the performance for other assays.

 

 
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Video Animation

Magnetic particles are widely used for isolation of analytes, cells or DNA which have been bound to the surface.

KymaSep is a unique approach. The dual force of magnetism working with a standing wave caused by high frequency ultrasound is extremely efficient in pushing the magnetic particles into clumps. The ultrasound force exceeds the magnetism, holding the particle clumps suspended in the middle of the chamber.

Switching off the ultrasound allows the magnetic fields to pull the particles to the floor of the chamber away from contaminant and compounds that can interfere, e.g. in PCR amplification reactions

The chamber dimensions ensure laminar flow, so that the flow rate is fastest in the middle, but very slow at the walls of the chamber. This allows vigorous and rapid washing, with minimal loss of particles.

Activating the ultrasound pushes the particles into the cleaned-up liquid. At this stage additional reagents can be washed through e.g. for an immunoassay reaction, followed by multiple washing stages and substrate additions.

Deactivating both the ultrasound and magnetism allows the particles to be released and collected at the exit of the chamber.

 
 The animation video was produced for ProKyma by Ivan Gaskell
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